Rounding up the old decade
DAVE PALMER assesses
some of the last books published in the 1980s An Injury To All - The Decline of American Unionism By Kim Moody Verso £9.95 Moody, from the staff of the Detroit-based Labor Notes, provides a comprehensive (and Trotskyist) history of the US labour movement from Truman to Reagan. Against the Tide -Diaries 1973-76 By Tony Benn Hutchinson £20 Part Three of the Benn saga, and the best bit so far... Those well-known horrors of the last Wilson government (and why Benn ended up meeting people like us!). New Times - The Changing Face of Politics in the 1990s By Stuart Hall and Martin Jacques Lawrence and Wishart, £9.95 A suitable gift for any pretentious, shallow cynic in your life. A collection of crass writings from Marxism Today to make anyone choke on their Sunday lunch! Intifada - Zionism, imperialism and Pales tinian resistance By Phil Marshall Bookmarks, £5.95 The SWP takes on the Intifada in Palestine: *one solution revolution"? Critique of Economic Reason By Andre Gorz Verso, £9.95 Leading post-industrial, postmarxist thinker Gorz on 'the terminal crisis of a system where every activity and aspiration has been subjected to the rule of the market. I'll buy that! "Gorz's greatest work, and a crucial book for our time, alleges Le Monde. SOCIALIST OUTLOOK no 21, February 1990
REVIEWS India's Struggle for In- dependence By Bipim Chandra Penguin, £5.99 Highly recommended history of the Indian independence move- ment, which makes extensive use of primary material. Coming on Strong - Gay politics and cul- ture Edited by Simon Shepherd and Mick Wallis Unwin £8.95 Collection of inter-disciplinary essays on the situation of gay men. Preserving Disorder: Selected Essays 1968- 88 By David Widgery Pluto £8.95 As l am sure you all know, David Widgery writes for Socialist Worker: good reading for the less sophisticated ultra- left. Labour's future Has Conference a Fu- ture? Pamphlet available from CLPD/LLL, 10 Park Drive, London NW11 2SH. Single copies £2.50 incl postage, bulk orders E2 each plus postage. Reviewed by JANE WELLS As the Labour leadership prepares to chop up the labour movement into little pieces so that it can never be put back together again, the Campaign for Labour Party Democracy and Labour Left Liaison have produced a new pamphlet defend- ing conference democracy. •Much is at stake - not just the future of Conference but also of the Party itself, says the pamphlet's introduction. Exactly so. Even if Labour Party procedure and constitution is not your first love, it's worth
Cricket By C.L.R. James A&B, £5.95 Had to include this, given CLR's recent demise. For the sportier marxist who has not yet read it. Beyond the Casino Economy - Planning for the 1990s N. Costello, J. Michie, S. Milne Verso, £8.95 The first really serious attempt for a long while to draft a proposal for a democratically planned economy under a Labour goverment. I'm sure it's flawed: but then what isn't? Sacred Elephant Heathcote Williams Chatto, £9.95 "Nature's blasting, billowing ArchangelA land-manatee A land-siren A land-whale, For all you eco-softies... the folA frightening glimpse into struggling through the dense and detailed analysis, argument and proposals contained in Has Conference a Future?. The pamphlet is CLPD's response to the proposal by the GMB's John Edmonds, agreed by the 1989 Conference to review conference structures, and the NEC's so-called 'consultation document" on the "Future of Conference'. It's truly frightening.
If the leadership get their
way, we could be going along every two years to a set piece performance staged for the press, with subjects for debate determined and sifted by party managers, with plenty of time for NEC members and MPs to sound off, and with permanent, handpicked 'policy review commissions" setting the real agenda. We will be electing an NEC guaranteed to be 100% leadership-friendly. Party members will be reduced to making tea at fundraising jumble sales in-
low-up to the Whale opus. Red-Green alliance anyone? FICTION: Foucault's Pendulum By Umberto Eco Secker & Warburg, £14.95 Ideal companion volume to the Marxism Today collection. Salman Rushdie has alleged that it is unreadable twaddle: I couldn't understand enough to be able to disagree. It just happens to have topped the best-seller list. Libra By Ron de Lillo Penguin, £4.99 Now in paperback, De Lillo's book takes a trip through the inner lives of those involved in the event that obsesses the USA ... the Kennedy assassination. Alleged to be 'the novel the shaken American psyche has been awaiting for 25 years". How can you resist? stead of policy.
CLPD have produced an excellent document, with critiques and suggested responses to each * of the NEC's proposals, and they highlight the "hidden agenda". too. As such, the pamphlet is an invaluable tool in fighting the right in the Labour Party, and to give them credit, CLPD are probably the only organisation in the labour movement currently prepared to mount such a response at this level.
Unfortunately CLPD et al mistake the Labour Party for a proletarian and potentially revolutionary party, and therefore see this kind of exercise as the end (defending and improving its hest clements) and not the means (to superceding it with something infinitely helter and truly revolutionary in potential). This limits their horizons and ultimately the success of their short-lemm simlegy.
Page 31
GERRY HEALY The Ceausescu of the British Trotskyist movement Thomas Gerard Healy died on December 14th 1989 at the age of 76. For over 30 years he was "General Secretary' of the organisation which became the Socialist Labour League (SLL) and then the Workers Revolutionary Party (WRP), and a leader of the so-called International Committee of the Fourth International.
By the 1980s he had done more to discredit the Trotskyist movement, and the left in general than anyone else claiming to be a part of it - despite other strong contenders for that distinction.
Healy came to Britain from Ireland in 1928, and was recruited into the already degenerated Communist Party of Great Britain (CPGB). This experience shaped his politics in the direction of sectarianism and bureaucracy and laid the basis for the degenerate political monster which he became.
The CPGB always had a tendency towards sectarianism and bureaucracy. In 1928, after some initial hesitations, it enthusiastically followed the Comintem into its ultra-left turn -the so-called "third period' of denouncing social democrats as "social fascists' - which continued from from 1928 until 1934. It became one of the most slavish followers of Stalin amongst the Wester CPs.
Stalin's tum to the third period was within the political framework of the Stalinised Comintem of "socialism in one country' (the idea that socialism could be built in the Soviet Union by harnessing the international division of labour) but grafted onto it a series of wildly ultra-left policies. These caused most devastation in Germany where Hitler's rise to power was facilitated by Stalin's opposition to any united front action with the mass Social Democratic Party against the rise of fascism. The social democrats were denounced as "worse than fascists".
In Britain the CPGB denounced the Labour Party as fascist, and the unions as anti-working class, making a spectacular break with the tactic of working within the mass organisations, as had been advocated by Lenin, Page 32
OBITUARY and calling instead for "red" trade unions independent of the TUC.
Healy was expelled from the CPGB in 1937. He claimed this was for opposition to the politics of the third period; but these had been abandoned three years earlier - in favour of the cross-class line of the popular front.
Probably Healy's departure was more connected with the CP's tum to the right. He joined the newly formed Workers International League (WIL), which worked inside the Labour Party and the ILP, beoming editor of its journal. By all accounts he made a significant contribution, arguing for continued work in the Labour Party and for organising the left.
The following year three of the four Trotskyist groups fused to form the Revolutionary Socialist League, with the WIL refusing to join. The effects of the war destabilised the other groups, however, and in 1943 the WIL and what was left of the RSL fused with others to form the Revolutionary Communist Party - led by Jock Haston.
By 1947 the RCP was internally split over the issue of whether to enter into the Labour Party. A year later the minority, led by Healy. began to join the Labour Party (with a journal called Socialist Outlook: no relation!). When the RCP was eventually wound up in 1950 most went into the group Healy had established called "The Club".
Healy then carried out a number of Stalinstyle purges designed to give him complete political control of what was now the British section of the Trotskyist Fourth International (FI). Both Tony Cliff and Ted Grant were expelled - to be heard of again! Healy established the kind of interal regime which he was to maintain for the rest of his political life:
In 1953/4 the world movement split over the line of Michel Pablo and the international leadership, which went overboard in uncritical eulogies on the 'revolutionary nature of the Tito leadership in Yugoslavia. Healy, in-
Healy with Vanessa Redgrave on a WRP election platform in February 1974: the WRP ran a slate of candidates. fluenced by the emergence of a pro-Pablo current in his organisation, performed an abrupt political somersault, breaking from pro-Tito positions and siding with James P. Cannon and the the American Socialist Workers Party. which adopted an orthodox" Trotskyist line against Pablo on Stalinism. This marked the formation of the International Committee.
Healy's group established a base inside the Labour Party and did some positive work in the unions which brought British Trotskyists out of isolation. They recruited from the Communist Party after Khrushchev's speech in 1956 denouncing the Moscow trials. Success led to the formation of the SLL in 1959. It continued to work inside the Labour Party for several more years.
By 1963 the SLL had control of the Young Socialists - the youth wing of the Labour Party. The YS was expelled from the Labour Party after a huge campaign in its defence. This was a big opportunity for Trotskyism, but soon Healy swung to a sectarian project of building a revolutionary group outside and counterposed to the structures of the mass organisations.
The SLL grew rapidly and by the mid-sixties was the mainstream of Trotskyism in Britain. Other currents - around Ted Grant who had opposed entry into the LP in the early 1960s, and Tony Cliff, who took a stale capitalist line of the Soviet Union - were a fraction of its size.
The SL.L made important developments in the trade unions - on the Liverpool docks, on London building sites, in the engineering industry and in the car industry, particularly in the British Leyland plant at Cowley. But like its predecessors the SLL was a sect dominated by a powerful individual - Healy.
His politics in the unions were flawed. He argued it was possible to build a party in Britain not by intervening into the mass orSOCIALIST OUTLOOK no 20, Dec-Jan 1989-90
Britain and the destruction of the TORY ELECTION POLICY CLEAR FROM THE START
ganisations of the working class, but from the outside on a one-to-one basis by intervening into struggles and recruiting workers who were justifiably hostile to the betrayals of their leaders. No distinction was drawn between the left and the right wing of the bureaucracy in the unions, and the strategy of the united front was ignored.
In 1963 a majority of the world movement reunified to for the Unified Secretariat of the Fourth International. The SLL in Britain and the OCI in France - now a large organisation with similar sectarian and burcaucratic deformations as the SLL/WRP had developed -stayed outside in the International Committee if the Fourth International. It was not a genuine international, but a fraud: its so-called sections were all subordinated cither to the SLL and the OCL
Though not large, the SLL was by now bureaucratised, with an iron fisted leadership separated from the membership. Healy now had two objectives - a sectarian line on party building in "revisionists' of the USFI. To achieve them he turned again to Stalinism and its principal methods; lies, slander, intimidation and violence.
In December 1966 Healy directed a
upporter, Bamest Tate, who was selling a pamphlet Healy "Reconstructs' the Fouth International outside an SLI. 6I meeting at Conway Hall. It was open terrorism within the Trotskyist movement, advertised in advance in the SLL's Newletter: *We shall not hesitate to deal appropriately with the handful of United Secretariat agents who hawk it around the fake-left in England'. When several left wing journals defended Tate, Healy threatened them with legal action - a replica of the methods used by the Stalinists against the Trotskyists in an earlier period.
Those who took this up were branded as slanderers of the SLL, whose membership were told that the SLL was beseiged by enemies prepared to go to any lengths to discredit it. But the SLL, still doing consistent work in the unions, continued to grow. A rank and file grouping was established called the All Trades Unions Alliance. This had real possibilities but suffered from the sectarianism of the SLL.
Healy launched a campaign for a daily SLL newspaper, raising huge sums of money from the membership. The daily Workers Press which emerged in 1969 ended any ob jective politics. The organisation disapeared into frantic activism with the highest tumover of membership ever recorded for "Trostkyist" organisation, compounded in 1973 with the winding up of the SLL and the launching of the Workers Revolutionary Party which had to be seen to be bigger. SOCIALIST OUTLOOK no 21, February 1990
OBITUARY
With a paper membership of four thousand, it set out to emulate a mass organisation. The gains made in the trade unions produced an ATUA rally in Manchester of 4,000 and another at the Empire Pool the following year of 10,000. But as the numbers went up, the politics went down. Prantic recruitment campaigns were instituted in which branches were given daily targets for recruitment. Members were told to talk to the person they sat next to on the bus and ask them to join.
In 1971 Healy had split with his interna tional co-thinkers in the French OCL There was little politics in the split, it was a case of two bureaucratic aparatuses which could no longer live together. At an SLL central committee meeting Healy demanded that Lambert workers press DAILY ORGAN OF THE CENTRAL COMMUTTEE OF THE WORKERS REVOLUTIONARY PARTY -E-HEATH CLEARS EXTREMISTS' Frenzied headlines in early 1974- the heyday of Healyism give a yes or no answer to the question 'is dialectical materialism the theory of knowledge of Marxism?. When Lambert refused, the OCI delegation was forced to leave.
As the SLL became more isolated and more vulnerable to its critics the Stalinist methods were extended. In 1972 Bala Tampo, a Sri Lankan trade union leader and a supporter of the USFI was accused by Healy of being an agent of the CIA. Later Joseph Hansen, one of the leaders of the US SWP, was accused of being an agent of the FBI. This despicable method was then used extensively in Britain. In the Cowley car plants we were encouraged to think that members of the rival International Marxist Group were working for the police.
By 1973 the politics of the WRP had reached crazy proportions. Healy was predicting imminent collapse of the capitalist system: so when the Heath Government imposed a three day week to conserve fuel during the oil crisis Healy announced we were on the verge of a military coup: Workers Press headlined 'Countdown to Dictatorship'. Two months later we had a Labour govemment.
From Cowley we began a political challenge to this, and increasingly, the whole
political framework of the WRP. Within weeks we were hounded and slandered as police agents. One comrade was beaten up by Healy personally. In 1974 we were expelled with 200 others.
These expulsions were a terminal blow to the WRP although it staggered on for another 10 years. Workers Press collapsed and the Newsline was established with any last vestage of political principle was abandoned. Healy had turned to reactionary Mid-East oil states, promising them uncritical coverage for money. By the late 1970s he was supporting not only Libya's Colonel Gaddafi, but also the execution of Iraqi CP members by the Iraqi regime. Later he took money for identifying Iragi oppositionists.
In 1985 the WRP was blown apart by a let-
Ster from Healy's personal assistant alleging that Healy had been involved in the systematic sexual abuse of women members of the organisation. Healy was ex-
Fresh NUR pelled and the group disin-
attempt to tegrated as details emerged of
hit train gross sexual abuse of a large
drivers number of women plus ap palling financial corruption. Despite Healy's crimes and the discredit they brought to Trotskyism and to the left in general, a few WRP zealots, most notably Vanessa and Corin Redgrave, stayed with him and published a magazine called the Marxist, which quickly became distinguished as an uncritical supporter of Gorbachev.
Other fragments formed small groups, one publishing the News Line, and another calling itself the International Communist Party (ICP). Both of these continued Healy's polites without Healy. The group which expelled Healy and now publishes Workers Press made a partial critique of his politics, but failed to carry this through to a conclusion or elaborate an alternative political line for the class strug gle in Britain.
Healy's funeral was jointly conducted by the Marxist and the News Line groups. Fittingly, there was even a sectarian battle at the funeral, in which the organisers physically excluded the ICP. Healy would have fully ap proved.
Unlike Stalin or Causescu, Healy never held state power. He learned about tyranny from the Stalinist movement and exercised it inside the small groups of the Trotskyist movement. The result has done serious damage to the development of the revolutionary Marxist tradition in Britain. The best conclusion from his death is to ensure that there is never room left for his ilk to do such damage again.
Alan Thornett Page 33
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Michel Warshawsky, an Israeli journalist, was sentenced to 20 months imprisonment by the Jerusalem District Court on 7 November 1989. His "crime", as Director of the Alternative Information Centre in West Jerusalem, was to typeset a booklet for Palestinians in the Israeli occupied West Bank and Gaza Strip. The booklet, written by Palestinian ex-prisoners, gave information on how to withstand interrogation by the Isracli security forces. Warshawsky's interrogators and the court demanded he give the name of the Palestinian who supplied the draft booklet. His refusal to do so added to the severity of his sentence. The AlC was fined 10,000 Shekels (£3,500) and must raise around €20,000 to cover the cost of legal fees and to replace equipment damaged or
confiscated during the security forces' raid on the centre in 1987. Warshawsky and the AlC's appeal against the sentence will begin on the 8 February. Join us on the picket to show your support. If the appeal is lost it will have serious implications in the future. As repression against Palestinians escalates, Israelis who voice any opposition to the occupation will incvitably also find themselves targets of government repression. Many Israelis have been imprisoned (including draft resisters) or are awaiting appeals against imprisonment for their support of the Palestinian Intifada or for having dialogue with Palestinians. Warshawsky's sentence is widely seen as an attempt by the Israeli authorities to criminalise and intimidate all Palestinian cooperation. Public outrage at his sentence in November contributed to his
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attempts at Israeliimprisonment being postponed until the appeal was
Similar protest, both in Israel/Palestine and internationally, can help ensure Join the picket and ask your organisation to sponsor it. All participants are asked to bring a gag to demonstrate against the gagging of Israeli Dan Meridor, Minister of Justice, Ministry of Justice, Salah ed-Din 29, East Jerusalem, via Israel
Address ..
in sapport of MICHEL WARSHAWSKY Israeli dissident sentenced to 20 months and the ALTERNATIVE INFORMATION CENTRE Thursday 8 February 12.30pm Regent Street (opposite El Al office), W1 PLANNING MEETING Thursday 22 February 7pm Quaker International Centre 1 Byng Place, WC1 If you are interested in the Congmittee for the Freedom of Expression of Palestinians and Israels and perhaps want to contribute to work in support of cases such as Michel Warshawsky's, please come to our planting meeting. For more information please contact CFEPI, BM Box 9585, London WCIN 3XX. # 01-226 7059